Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Proteus mirabilis: Impact of Biofield Energy Treatment

Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis) is a species of Gram-negative and facultative anaerobic bacteria that shows swarming motility and urease activity. Proteus ranked third as the cause of hospital-acquired infections [1]. The organism is rod-shaped and motile bacterium with diverse mode of transmission [2]. P. mirabilis is a common causative organism of urinary tract infection (UTI) in the complicated urinary tract, most frequently in patients with the indwelling catheters or structural abnormalities of the urinary tract [3]. It expresses various virulence factors which are involved in uropathogenesis like adhesins (i.e., PMP fimbriae), motility (i.e., flagella) toxins (i.e., hemolysin and Proteus toxic agglutinin), quorum-sensing (i.e., cell-cell communication), enzymes (i.e., urease) and immune invasion (i.e., metalloproteinase ZapA) [4]. The infection is more prone to male than female [5]. In hospitals, it is the second most frequently isolated Enterobacteriaceae species after Escherichia coli. The wild-type isolates of this species are more susceptible to β-lactams antimicrobials [6]. The organism possess a black-brown colour pigment, which behaves like a melanin in many respects, such as solubility, bleaching by oxidizing agents and positive response to the Fontana-Masson assay [7]. Most types of antibiotics are sensitive to P. mirabilis such as penicillin’s, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, refamycin, fluoroquinolones, and phenicols while resistant to amoxicillin, cefotaxime and carbenicillin [8,9].